Parkland Formula

Baxter CR, Shires T. Physiological response to crystalloid resuscitation of severe burns. Origin of the crystalloid regimen known as the Parkland formula (3.5–4.5 ml of lactated Ringer’s per kg per % TBSA in the first 24 h, as summarised by Endorf & Dries 2011).

Ete G, Chaturvedi G, Barreto E, et al. Effectiveness of Parkland formula in the estimation of resuscitation fluid volume in adult thermal burns. Uses 4 ml/kg/% TBSA, with half of the volume in the first 8 h from the time of the incident and the rest over the next 16 h; fluid given before admission counts toward the calculated volume.

Endorf FW, Dries DJ. Burn resuscitation. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2011 — summarises the 2008 American Burn Association consensus: crystalloid 2–4 ml/kg/% TBSA in the first 24 h, titrated to the response; children may need additional maintenance fluid. The calculated volume is a starting estimate; resuscitation follows the burn protocol and local pathway.