Glasgow Coma Scale

Level of consciousness

Eye opening

4 — Spontaneous

3 — To voice

2 — To pain

1 — None

Verbal response

5 — Oriented

4 — Confused

3 — Inappropriate words

2 — Incomprehensible sounds

1 — None

Motor response

6 — Obeys commands

5 — Localizes pain

4 — Withdraws from pain

3 — Abnormal flexion

2 — Abnormal extension

1 — None

Evidence

Original publication

Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale.

The Lancet, 1974

Open source

Validation

Reith FCM, Van den Brande R, Synnot A, Gruen R, Maas AIR. The reliability of the Glasgow Coma Scale: a systematic review. Inter-rater reliability is generally acceptable but degrades with rater inexperience, intubation, and sedation.

Intensive Care Medicine, 2016

Open source

Last reviewed: 2026-09

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