GOLD COPD Assessment

COPD spirometric grade (1–4) and ABE group

For confirmed COPD (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.70). Exacerbation history is over the past 12 months.

Post-bronchodilator FEV1 (% predicted) %

Exacerbations in the past year

0–1 moderate, none needing hospital admission

≥ 2 moderate, or ≥ 1 leading to hospital admission

Symptom burden

Low (mMRC 0–1 or CAT < 10)

High (mMRC ≥ 2 or CAT ≥ 10)

Enter the FEV1 % predicted

Evidence

Original publication

Agustí A, Celli BR, Criner GJ, et al. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive Summary. Introduced the ABE assessment: spirometric grade 1–4 from post-bronchodilator FEV1 % predicted, and groups A/B (few exacerbations, by symptom burden) or E (≥ 2 moderate exacerbations or ≥ 1 leading to hospitalisation).

European Respiratory Journal, 2023

Open source

Guideline

Vogelmeier CF, Criner GJ, Martinez FJ, et al. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 Report: GOLD Executive Summary. Spirometric grades: GOLD 1 FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted, GOLD 2 50–79%, GOLD 3 30–49%, GOLD 4 < 30%, in a patient with FEV1/FVC < 0.70.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2017

Open source

Last reviewed: 2026-09

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