SOFA

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment — six organ systems, 0–24
Respiration (PaO₂/FiO₂)
Coagulation (platelets)
Liver (bilirubin)
Cardiovascular (MAP / vasopressors)
CNS (Glasgow Coma Scale)
Renal (creatinine / urine output)
Evidence
Original publication
Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. Grades six organ systems (respiration, coagulation, liver, cardiovascular, CNS, renal) from 0 to 4 using the worst daily value.
Intensive Care Medicine, 1996
Open source
Validation
Ferreira FL, Bota DP, Bross A, et al. Serial evaluation of the SOFA score to predict outcome in critically ill patients. Higher initial, highest, and delta SOFA scores tracked ICU mortality; total > 15 corresponded to > 80% mortality.
JAMA, 2001
Open source
Guideline
Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3): sepsis is defined as infection plus an acute rise in SOFA of ≥ 2 points.
JAMA, 2016
Open source
Last reviewed: 2026-09
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