RCRI (Revised Cardiac Risk Index)

Lee TH, Marcantonio ER, Mangione CM, et al. Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Six independent predictors (high-risk surgery, ischaemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, insulin-treated diabetes, preoperative creatinine > 2.0 mg/dL); rates of major cardiac complications 0.4%, 0.9%, 6.6%, and ≥ 11% for 0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3 factors.

The RCRI is embedded in the 2014 ACC/AHA and 2022 ESC/ESA perioperative cardiovascular guidelines as a first-line clinical risk index for non-cardiac surgery; contemporary cohorts give somewhat higher absolute event rates than the 1999 derivation.