[2] الإرشادات
NICE CG174, Intravenous fluid therapy in over 16s in hospital (recommendations 1.4.1–1.4.3): routine maintenance 25–30 ml/kg/day of water; consider less (for example 20–25 ml/kg/day) for patients who are older or frail, have renal impairment or cardiac failure, or are malnourished and at risk of refeeding syndrome; in obesity adjust to ideal body weight (patients rarely need more than 3 litres a day). NICE NG29, Intravenous fluid therapy in children and young people in hospital (1.4.1–1.4.2): Holliday–Segar for children and young people — males rarely need more than 2,500 ml and females more than 2,000 ml in 24 h; term neonates 50–60 (day 1), 70–80 (day 2), 80–100 (day 3), 100–120 (day 4) and 120–150 ml/kg/day (days 5–28). Volume only: fluid choice, electrolytes, losses, monitoring and rate follow the guideline and local pathway.