المنشور الأصلي
Palumbo A, Avet-Loiseau H, Oliva S, et al. Revised International Staging System for multiple myeloma: a report from the International Myeloma Working Group. Combined the ISS (β2-microglobulin and albumin) with serum LDH and high-risk FISH cytogenetics [del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16)]; 5-year overall survival was 82%, 62% and 40% for R-ISS I, II and III.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2015
الإرشادات
The R-ISS is the standard prognostic stage for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in NCCN and ESMO guidance. Newer models (R2-ISS, adding 1q21 gain/amplification, and the IMS 2024 framework) refine risk further but the R-ISS remains widely used.