Rockall Score

Rebleeding and mortality risk after acute upper GI haemorrhage

Age

< 60 years

60–79 years

≥ 80 years

Shock

No shock (SBP ≥ 100, pulse < 100)

Tachycardia (SBP ≥ 100, pulse ≥ 100)

Hypotension (SBP < 100)

Comorbidity

No major comorbidity

Cardiac failure, ischaemic heart disease, or other major comorbidity

Renal failure, liver failure, or disseminated malignancy

Endoscopic diagnosis

Mallory-Weiss tear, or no lesion and no stigmata

All other diagnoses

Malignancy of the upper GI tract

Stigmata of recent haemorrhage

None, or dark spot only

Blood in the upper GI tract, adherent clot, or visible / spurting vessel

Evidence

Original publication

Rockall TA, Logan RF, Devlin HB, Northfield TC. Risk assessment after acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Derived the score from age, shock, comorbidity, endoscopic diagnosis, and stigmata of recent haemorrhage; rebleeding and mortality rose steeply with the total (mortality ~0% at ≤ 2 to > 40% at ≥ 8).

Gut, 1996

Open source

Guideline

UK NICE guidance (NG12/CG141) uses the pre-endoscopy (clinical) Rockall alongside the Glasgow-Blatchford score for initial risk stratification and the full Rockall after endoscopy to guide discharge and follow-up.

Last reviewed: 2026-09

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